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linux:history:linux [2016/06/07 06:32] – [Linux kernel] haregylinux:history:linux [2021/11/11 08:07] – codinghare
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-====History of Liunx==== +======History of Liunx====== 
-===== ===== +---- 
-===Linus Torvalds===+\\ 
 +====Linus Torvalds====
 **[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds|Linus Benedict Torvalds]]**:  a Finnish software engineer who is the creator and principal developer of the Linux kernel.\\ **[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linus_Torvalds|Linus Benedict Torvalds]]**:  a Finnish software engineer who is the creator and principal developer of the Linux kernel.\\
 ===Multitasking for x86386=== ===Multitasking for x86386===
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 Famous testing assistants: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Cox|Alan Cox]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Tweedie|Stephen Tweedie]]\\ Famous testing assistants: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Cox|Alan Cox]], [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Tweedie|Stephen Tweedie]]\\
-Websites:[[http://www.kernel.org|kernel.org]]+Websites:[[http://www.kernel.org|kernel.org]]\\
 Release time for Linux version 1.0(the first formal version): 1994\\ Release time for Linux version 1.0(the first formal version): 1994\\
-Symbol: Penguin.+Symbol: Penguin.\\
 {{:linux:history:tux.svg.png?100|}} {{:linux:history:tux.svg.png?100|}}
 +===Version format===
 +A formal Liunx release version should be like:
 +<code>3.10.0-123.el7.x86_64</code>
 +**3.10.0** means main version,**123** means sub version,**el7** mean release version, and **x86_64** means platform.\\
 +==version format before 3.0 ==
 +If main & sub version is odd, the version is a build for testing new functions. If main & sub version is even, the version is a stable build.
 +==version format after 3.0 ==
 +**Prepatch**:
 +Prepatch or "RC" kernels are mainline kernel pre-releases that are mostly aimed at other kernel developers and Linux enthusiasts. They must be compiled from source and usually contain new features that must be tested before they can be put into a stable release. Prepatch kernels are maintained and released by Linus Torvalds.\\
 +**Mainline:**
 +Mainline tree is maintained by Linus Torvalds. It's the tree where all new features are introduced and where all the exciting new development happens. New mainline kernels are released every 2-3 months.\\
 +**Stable:**
 +After each mainline kernel is released, it is considered "stable." Any bug fixes for a stable kernel are backported from the mainline tree and applied by a designated stable kernel maintainer. There are usually only a few bugfix kernel releases until next mainline kernel becomes available -- unless it is designated a "longterm maintenance kernel." Stable kernel updates are released on as-needed basis, usually 2-3 a month.\\
 +**Longterm:**
 +There are usually several "longterm maintenance" kernel releases provided for the purposes of backporting bugfixes for older kernel trees. Only important bugfixes are applied to such kernels and they don't usually see very frequent releases, especially for older trees.\\
 +<WRAP center round important 100%>
 +all above I am talking about is Linux kernel version, not for distribution. Distribution has their own version.  
 +</WRAP>
 +==version check in distribution==
 +<code>uname -r</code>
 +===Linux distributions===
 +Linux distributions: kernel + softwares + Tools = install package.\\
 + \\
 +{{:linux:history:distri.jpg?600|}}\\
 +\\
 +Why distributions:
 +Linux kernel is base on the GPL(GNU's), that means anything include Linux must be a free software. So some people earn money from their own distributions by providing customer services.\\
 +==distributions categories==
 +^R/C^ Software managed by *.RPM      ^ Software managed by *.  DPKG     ^ Other^
 +|**Commercial** | RHEL / SuSE    | Ubuntu | 
 +|**Personal / Communities** |CentOS / Fedora / OpenSuSE  | Debian / B2D |Gentoo|
 +==distribution standards==
 +[[http://www.pathname.com/fhs/|FHS]]: File system Hierarchy Standard \\
 +[[http://www.linuxbase.org/|LSB]]: Linux Standard Base
 +
 +
 +